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1.A.30 The H+- or Na+-translocating Bacterial Flagellar Motor/ExbBD Outer Membrane Transport Energizer (Mot-Exb) Superfamily

The Mot-Exb Superfamily consists of two distant families, each with a distinct function. The Mot family energizes bacterial flagellar rotation while the Exb family energizes accumulation of large molecules (i.e. iron-siderophores, vitamin B12, DNA from phage and colicins) from the external medium across the outer Gram-negative bacterial membrane into the periplasm. The pmf (or smf) is the driving force in both cases. MotAB and (PomAB) are homologous to ExbBD and TolQR. MotAB is known to form a proton channel.

Yonekura et al. (2011) presented the first three-dimensional structure of the PomAB torque-generating stator unit analyzed by electron microscopy. The structure of PomAB revealed two arm domains, which contain the PG-binding site, connected to a large base made of the TM and cytoplasmic domains. The arms lean downward to the membrane surface, likely representing a 'plugged' conformation, which would prevent ions leaking through the channel. They propose a model for how PomAB units are placed around the flagellar basal body to function as torque generators.

 

References associated with 1.A.30 family:

Ito, M., D.B. Hicks, T.M. Henkin, A.A. Guffanti, B.D. Powers, L. Zvi, K. Uematsu, and T.A. Krulwich. (2004). MotPS is the stator-force generator for motility of alkaliphilic Bacillus, and its homologue is a second functional Mot in Bacillus subtilis. Mol. Microbiol. 53: 1035-1049. 15306009
Koerdt, A., A. Paulick, M. Mock, K. Jost, and K.M. Thormann. (2009). MotX and MotY are required for flagellar rotation in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. J. Bacteriol. 191: 5085-5093. 19502394
Kojima, S., K. Imada, M. Sakuma, Y. Sudo, C. Kojima, T. Minamino, M. Homma, and K. Namba. (2009). Stator assembly and activation mechanism of the flagellar motor by the periplasmic region of MotB. Mol. Microbiol. 73: 710-718. 19627504
Nan, B., J. Chen, J.C. Neu, R.M. Berry, G. Oster, and D.R. Zusman. (2011). Myxobacteria gliding motility requires cytoskeleton rotation powered by proton motive force. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108: 2498-2503. 21248229
O'Neill, J., M. Xie, M. Hijnen, and A. Roujeinikova. (2011). Role of the MotB linker in the assembly and activation of the bacterial flagellar motor. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 67: 1009-1016. 22120737
O'Neill, J., M. Xie, M. Hijnen, and A. Roujeinikova. (2011). Role of the MotB linker in the assembly and activation of the bacterial flagellar motor. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 67: 1009-1016. 18540076
Okabe, M., T. Yakushi, and M. Homma. (2005). Interactions of MotX with MotY and with the PomA/PomB sodium ion channel complex of the Vibrio alginolyticus polar flagellum. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 25659-25664. 15866878
Yonekura, K., S. Maki-Yonekura, and M. Homma. (2011). Structure of the flagellar motor protein complex PomAB: implications for the torque-generating conformation. J. Bacteriol. 193: 3863-3870. 21642461
Zhu, S., M. Homma, and S. Kojima. (2012). An intragenic suppressor against a plug-deleted non-motile mutation in PotB, a chimeric stator protein of sodium-driven flagella. J. Bacteriol. [Epub: Ahead of Print] 23024347