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View Proteins belonging to: The Betaine/Carnitine/Choline Transporter (BCCT) Family

2.A.15 The Betaine/Carnitine/Choline Transporter (BCCT) Family

Proteins of the BCCT family are found in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and archaea. Their common functional feature is that they all transport molecules with a quaternary ammonium group [R-N+(CH3)3]. The BCCT family proteins vary in length between 481 and 706 amino acyl residues and possess 12 putative transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs). They are energized by pmf-driven or smf-driven proton or sodium ion symport, respectively, or else by substrate:substrate antiport. Some of these permeases exhibit osmosensory and osmoregulatory properties inherent to their polypeptide chains.

The generalized transport reaction for proteins of the BCCT family is:

Substrate (out) + nH+ (out) → Substrate (in) + nH+ (in).

 

View Proteins belonging to: The Betaine/Carnitine/Choline Transporter (BCCT) Family

References associated with 2.A.15 family:

Boscari, A., K. Mandon, L. Dupont, M.-C. Poggi, and D. Le Rudulier. (2002). BetS is a major glycine betaine/proline betaine transporter required for early osmotic adjustment in Sinorhizobium meliloti. J. Bacteriol. 184: 2654-2663. 11976294
Chen, C. and G.A. Beattie. (2008). Pseudomonas syringae BetT is a low-affinity choline transporter that is responsible for superior osmoprotection by choline over glycine betaine. J. Bacteriol. 190(8): 2717-2725. 18156257
Eichler, K., F. Bourgis, A. Buchet, H.P. Kleber, and M.A. Mandrand-Berthelot. (1994). Molecular characterization of the cai operon necessary for carnitine metabolism in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 13: 775-786. 7815937
Jung, H., M. Buchholz, J. Clausen, M. Nietschke, A. Revermann, R. Schmid, and K. Jung. (2002). CaiT of Escherichia coli, a new transporter catalyzing L-carnitine/γ-butyrobetaine exchange. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 39251-39258. 12163501
Kappes, R., B. Kempf, and E. Bremer. (1996). Three transport systems for the osmoprotectant glycine betaine operate in Bacillus subtilis: Characterization of OpuD. J. Bacteriol. 178: 5071-5079. 8752321
Kempf, B. and E. Bremer. (1998). Uptake and synthesis of compatible solutes as microbial stress responses to high-osmolality environments. Arch. Microbiol. 170: 319-330. 9818351
Lamark, T., I. Kaasen, M.W. Eshoo, P. Falkenberg, J. McDougall, and A.R. Strom. (1991). DNA sequence and analysis of the betgenes encoding the osmoregulatory choline-glycine betaine pathway of Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 5: 1049-1064. 1956285
Peter, H., B. Weil, A. Burkovski, R. Krämer, and S. Morbach. (1998). Corynebacterium glutamicumis equipped with four secondary carriers for compatible solutes: identification, sequencing, and characterization of the proline/ectoine uptake system, ProP, and the ectoine/proline/glycine betaine carrier, EctP. J. Bacteriol. 180: 6005-6012. 9811661
Rübenhagen, R., H. Rönsch, H. Jung, R. Krämer, and S. Morbach. (2000). Osmosensor and osmoregulator properties of the betaine carrier BetP from Corynebacterium glutamicumin proteoliposomes. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 735-741. 10625602
Saier, M.H., Jr., B.H. Eng, S. Fard, J. Garg, D.A. Haggerty, W.J. Hutchinson, D.L. Jack, E.C. Lai, H.J. Liu, D.P. Nusinew, A.M. Omar, S.S. Pao, I.T. Paulsen, J.A. Quan, M. Sliwinski, T.-T. Tseng, S. Wachi, and G.B. Young. (1999). Phylogenetic characterization of novel transport protein families revealed by genome analyses. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1422: 1-56. 10082980