9.A.14.17.5
Taste receptor type 2 member 38 (T2R38; bitter taste receptor of 333 aas and 7 TMSs) (Gaida et al. 2016).  Activated by the bona fide ligand for T2R38, phenylthiourea (PTU), and by N-acetyl-dodecanoyl homoserine (AHL-12), a quorum sensing molecule of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The latter is the only known natural ligand for T2R38. In response to PTU or AHL-12, key transcription factors are activated including phosphorylation of the MAP kinases p38 and ERK1/2, and upregulation of NFATc1. Increased expression of the multi-drug resistance protein 1 (ABCB1, TC# 3.A.1.201.1) is also observed, a transporter that shuttles a plethora of drugs, such as chemotherapeutics and antibiotics (Gaida et al. 2016).