1.B.8.2.12
Entamoeba histolytica, an anaerobic intestinal parasite causing dysentery and extra-intestinal abscesses in humans, possesses highly reduced and divergent mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) called mitosomes. This organelle lacks many features associated with canonical aerobic mitochondria and even other MROs such as hydrogenosomes. The Entamoeba mitosome has been found to have a compartmentalized sulfate activation pathway, which has a role in amebic stage conversion. It also features a unique shuttle system that delivers proteins from the cytosol to the mitosome. Only Entamoeba mitosomes possess a novel subclass of β-barrel outer membrane protein called MBOMP30.The mitosome protein import complex consisting of at least two proteins, TOM40, which provides the channel, and TOM60, which seems to be necessary for protein import (Makiuchi et al. 2013; Santos et al. 2016).