3.A.7.12.1
The Cag pathogenicity island (PAI) proteins (Kutter et al., 2008).  CagD (Cag24) is essential for CagA translocation and maximal induction of interleukin-8 secretion (Cendron et al., 2009). It is required for a pro-inflammatory response and multiple cytoskeletal and gene regulatory effects in gastric epithelial cells. Its molecular properties are described in a review by Fischer (2011). Cag16 (CagM) (of unknown function and not dermonstrably homologous to proteins of type IV secretion systems in other bacteria) has 3-4 TMSs and is essential for CagA export. It may therefore be a core protein of the Cag complex (Ling et al. 2013).