3.A.2.2.5
H -translocating V-type ATPase (Dettmer et al., 2006). The mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) subunits a and c (c' and c") alone catalyzes passive channel-mediated proton flux, but the a,c,d complex does not (Ouyang et al., 2008).  A 4 TMS c-subunit of Tamarix hispida (onion), almost identical to the c-subunit of the A. thaliana homologue, plays a stress tolerance role in response to salt, drought, UV, oxidation, heat, cold, and heavy metals (Gao et al. 2011). The VHA-H subunit is up-regluated upon high salt stress conditions (Yang et al. 2018). The VHAc`1 protein seems to play an important role in plant stress tolerance (Wang et al. 2020).