1.C.3.4.2
Two component β-barrel γ-haemolysin, HlgA·HlgB. Tomita et al. (2011) reported that Hlg2 and LukF form a complex, and that Hlg pores form clusters that release hemoglobin from erythrocytes. The crystal structure of this octameric pore (PDB# 3B07; 2QK7) reveals the beta-barrel pore formation mechanism by the two components (Yamashita et al., 2011).  Dominant-negative mutant toxins may provide novel therapeutics to combat S. aureus infection (Reyes-Robles et al. 2016).  S. aureus beta-barrel pore-forming cytotoxins, including the identification of the toxin receptors on host cells, and their roles in pathogenesis have been reviewed (Reyes-Robles and Torres 2016).