3.A.1.5.11
Glutathione porter, YliABCD or GsiABCD (Suzuki et al., 2005). Changes in the redox balance in the medium and in E. coli cells affect the ability of bacteria to form biofilms. An increase in the level of aeration in the culture of wild-type bacteria led to a 3-fold decrease in the mass of biofilms (Kalashnikova et al. 2023). Mutants lacking components of the glutathione and thioredoxin redox systems, as well as transporters involved in the transmembrane cycling of glutathione, showed increased biofilm formation ability. The effect of exogenous glutathione on biofilm formation depended on the culturing conditions. The addition of 0.1-1 mM Trolox (a water-soluble analog of vitamin E) was accompanied by a 30-40% reduction in biofilm formation (Kalashnikova et al. 2023).