3.A.20.1.3
Glycosomal membrane protein insertion apparatus.  Two proteins included in the system are PEX14 and PEX19 which target to the peroxisome in several other organisms, but in T. brucei, they target to the glycosome.  By contrast, PEX10 and PEX12 are involved in targetting to the peroxisome (Saveria et al. 2007). Altogether, PEX1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, and 19 have been identified in T. brucei and are listed here. Inhibitors of PEX14 block protein import into glycosomes and kill Trypanosma parasites (Dawidowski et al. 2017). The glycosomal membrane-associated Leishmania donovani protein PEX14, which plays a crucial role in protein import from the cytosol to the glycosomal matrix, consists of three domains: an N-terminal domain where the signalling molecule binds, a transmembrane domain and an 84-residue coiled-coil domain (CC) that is responsible for oligomerization. CCs are versatile domains that participate in a variety of functions including supramolecular assembly, cellular signalling and transport (Shakya and Pratap 2020). Bioinformatic analyses indicate that the N-terminal region of TbPEX11 contains an amphiphilic helix and several putative TOM20 recognition motifs. Thus, the extreme N-terminal region of TbPEX11 contains a cryptic N-terminal signal that directs PEX11 to the mitochondrion if its glycosomal transport is blocked (Krishna et al. 2023).