1.A.1.15.1
6 TMS basolateral tracheal epithelial cell/voltage-gated, small conductance, K⁺ α-chain, KCNQ1, [acts with the KCNE3 β-chain]. Mutations in human K_v7 genes lead to severe cardiovascular and neurological disorders such as the cardiac long QT syndrome and neonatal epilepsy (Haitin and Attali, 2008). KCNE3 can co-assemble with KCNQ1 (1.A.1.15.6) (Kang et al., 2010). KCNQ1 regulates insulin secretion in  the MIN6 beta-cell line (Yamagata et al., 2011).  The S4-S5 linker of KCNQ1 forms a scaffold with S6 controlling gate closure (Labro et al. 2011).  The KCNQ1 channel is differentially regulated by KCNE1 and KCNE2 (Li et al. 2014.  Slow-activating channel complexes formed by KCNQ1 and KCNE1 are essential for human ventricular myocyte repolarization, while constitutively active KCNQ1-KCNE3 channels are important in the intestine. Inherited sequence variants in human KCNE1 and KCNE3 cause cardiac arrhythmias but by different mechanisms, and each is important for hearing in unique ways (Abbott 2015). The topology and dynamics of the voltage sensor domain of KCNQ1 reconstituted in a lipid bilayer environment has been studied (Dixit et al. 2019).  KCNQ1 (Kv 7.1) alpha-subunits and KCNE1 beta-subunits co-assemble to form channels that conduct the slow delayed rectifier K⁺ current (IKs) in the heart. Mutations in either subunit cause long QT syndrome (LQTS), an inherited disorder of cardiac repolarization (Seebohm et al. 2005). KCNE1 modulates KCNQ1 potassium channel activation by an allosteric mechanism (Kuenze et al. 2020).