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1.D.108.  The Conductive Copper Hollow Fiber (Cu-HF) Family 

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) with polymeric/ceramic microfiltration (MF) membranes are commonly used for wastewater treatment, but membrane biofouling often results in a dramatically-reduced service life of MF membranes, limiting the application of this technology. Cu hollow fiber membranes (Cu-HFMs) with low resistivity and anti-biofouling properties achieved the bimodal pore size distribution of ~1 mum and a porosity of 46%, which enabled high N2 permeance and pure water flux. The Cu-HFMs were further applied as the conductive cathodes, as well as MF membranes, in the electrochemical membrane bioreactor system that was enriched with domestic wastewater at an applied voltage of 0.9 V. Excellent permeate quality was achieved after Cu-HFM filtration, with relatively stable transmembrane pressure and low Cu2+ dissolvability (<25 mug/L). Anti-biofouling over time was demonstrated (Liu et al. 2018).

References associated with 1.D.108 family:

Liu, D., X. Chen, B. Bian, Z. Lai, and Y. Situ. (2018). Dual-Function Conductive Copper Hollow Fibers for Microfiltration and Anti-biofouling in Electrochemical Membrane Bioreactors. Front Chem 6: 445. 30320076