1.D.65 The Pore-forming Amphidinol (Amphidinol) Family  

Amphidinols (AMs) are a group of dinoflagellate metabolites with potent antifungal activity. As for polyene macrolide antibiotics, AMs directly interact with lipid bilayers, leading to formation of pores and lesions in biomembranes. However, AMs induce hemolysis at lower concentrations than necessary to permeabilize artificial liposomes. Glycophorin A (GpA) interacts with AMs such as AM2, AM3 and AM6 in liposomes. They  have affinity for the transmembrane domain of GpA, and their membrane-permeabilizing activity is potentiated by GpA. The dissociation constant is about 10 μM, larger than efficacious concentrations for hemolysis (Morsy et al. 2008).