1.E.4.1.4
Holin of 134 aas and 4 TMSs.  The lysis genes encode the holin, peptidase M15A or endolysin, lysB and lysC. Each gene and combinations were cloned into Escherichia coli and the lytic effects were measured. Co-expression of holin and peptidase M15A showed the highest lysis activity. Expression of holin, lysB/C or holin, peptidase M15A, lysB and lysC lysed the E. coli membrane whereas peptidase M15A alone did not. The predicted transmembrane structures of holin and lysB/C indicated they could insert into the bacterial membrane to form pores, affecting cell permeability and causing lysis (Khakhum et al. 2016).