1.C.138.  The M-Zodatoxin-Lt8a Spider Toxin (ZST) Family 

It is an insecticidal, cytolytic and antimicrobial peptide (Vassilevski et al. 2008, Kuzmenkov et al. 2016).
It has insecticidal activity against the flesh fly, S. carnaria, and the cockroach, N. cinerea (Vassilevski et al. 2008). as well as D. melanogaster (Kuzmenkov et al. 2016). It has hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes (EC50=6 uM) (Vassilevski et al. 2008).  It has cytolytic activity against human leukocytes (EC50=3 uM) (Vassilevski et al. 2008).  It also has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria A. globiformis VKM Ac-1112 (MIC=0.5 uM), and B. subtilis VKM B-501 (MIC=0.6-0.9 uM), and against the Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli and P. aeruginosa (Kuzmenkov et al. 2016). It forms voltage-dependent, ion-permeable channels in membranes, and at high concentrations, it causes cell membrane lysis (Vassilevski et al. 2008).


 

References:

Kozlov, S.A., A.A. Vassilevski, A.V. Feofanov, A.Y. Surovoy, D.V. Karpunin, and E.V. Grishin. (2006). Latarcins, antimicrobial and cytolytic peptides from the venom of the spider Lachesana tarabaevi (Zodariidae) that exemplify biomolecular diversity. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 20983-20992.
Kuzmenkov, A.I., M.Y. Sachkova, S.I. Kovalchuk, E.V. Grishin, and A.A. Vassilevski. (2016). Lachesana tarabaevi, an expert in membrane-active toxins. Biochem. J. 473: 2495-2506.
Vassilevski, A.A., S.A. Kozlov, O.V. Samsonova, N.S. Egorova, D.V. Karpunin, K.A. Pluzhnikov, A.V. Feofanov, and E.V. Grishin. (2008). Cyto-insectotoxins, a novel class of cytolytic and insecticidal peptides from spider venom. Biochem. J. 411: 687-696.
Examples:

TC#NameOrganismal TypeExample
1.C.138.1.1

M-zodatoxin-Lt8a, Ctx1.1, of 129 aas.  See family description for prperties of this pore-forming toxin.

Ctx1.1 (Ctx11) of Lachesana tarabaevi (Spider)

 
1.C.138.1.2

Cytoinsectotoxin-4, Ctx4, of 124 aas (Kuzmenkov et al. 2016).

Ctx4 of Lachesana tarabaevi

 
1.C.138.1.3

Antibacterial toxin, LAT1, of 88 aas active against Gram-positie bacteria.

LAT1 of Lachesana tarabaevi (Spider)

 
1.C.138.1.4

Latarcin 6-2 precursor, pLtc 6-2 of 116 aas

Latarcin 6-2 of Lachesana tarabaevi

 
1.C.138.1.5

Latarcin 5 precursor, pLtc 5 of 93 aas

Latarcin 5 of Lachesana tarabaevi

 
Examples:

TC#NameOrganismal TypeExample
1.C.138.2.1

M-zodatoxin-Lt4b, Lat4B, of 179 aas.  It is bacteriocidal (Kozlov et al. 2006).

Lat4B of  Lachesana tarabaevi (Spider)