1.A.8.9.24
Aqp3 of 292 aas and 6 TMSs. It is a water channel required to promote glycerol permeability and water transport across cell membranes (Roudier et al. 2002, Gotfryd et al. 2018). It acts as a glycerol transporter in skin and plays an important role in regulating the stratum corneum and epidermal glycerol content. It is involved in skin hydration, wound healing, and tumorigenesis, and it provides the kidney medullary collecting duct with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. It is slightly permeable to urea and H₂O₂, and may function as a water and urea exit mechanism in antidiuresis in collecting duct cells. It may play an important role in gastrointestinal tract water transport and in glycerol metabolism. Breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis are related to AQP3, which is the transmembrane transport channel for H₂O₂ molecules (Zhong et al. 2022). AQP3 plays a key role in cancer and metastasis. RoT inhibits human AQP3 activity with an IC₅₀ in the micromolar range (22.8 ± 5.8 µM for water and 6.7 ± 3.0 µM for glycerol permeability inhibition). RoT blocks AQP3-glycerol permeation by establishing strong and stable interactions at the extracellular region of AQP3 pores (Paccetti-Alves et al. 2023). AQP3-mediated activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway curtails gallstone formation in mice by inhibiting inflammatory injury of gallbladder mucosal epithelial cells (Wang et al. 2023).  The main subtype expressed in the epidermis and dermis is AQP3. AQPs exert certain physiological functions in the skin, such as the maintenance of normal shape, the regulation of body temperature, moisturization and hydration, anti-aging, damage repair and antigen presentation. The abnormal expression of AQPs in skin cells can lead to a variety of skin diseases (Liu et al. 2023).  AQP3 promotes the invasion and metastasis in cervical cancer by regulating NOX4-derived H₂O₂ activation of the Syk/PI3K/Akt signaling axis. Aquaglyceroporin AQP3 is expressed in the mammalian lens (Petrova et al. 2024).