1.O.9.  The Two-Photon 3D Laser-printing Pore-forming (2H⁺LP) Family

By using two-photon 3D laser printing, 2D and 3D hydrogel architectures were manufactured with high precision and nearly arbitrary shape inside preformed giant unilamellar lipid vesicles (GUVs) (Abele et al. 2021). The required water-soluble photoresist is brought into the GUVs by diffusion in a single mixing step. Femtosecond two-photon printing inside the compartment does not destroy the GUVs, but early functional architectures were realized. In particular, a transmembrane structure acting as a pore was 3D printed, thereby allowing for the transport of biological cargo, including DNA, into the synthetic compartment. These experiments show that two-photon 3D laser microprinting can be an important addition to the existing toolbox of synthetic biology (Abele et al. 2021).