3.F.6.  Electrochemically Switchable Double-Gate Nanofluidic Logic Device as Biomimetic Ion Pumps       (ES-DG-NF-IP) Family

Biological ion pumps with two separate gates can actively transport ions against a concentration gradient. Developing an artificial nanofluidic device with multiple responsive sites is of great importance  for improving its controllability over ion transport to further explore its logic function and mimic the biological process. Wu et al. 2021 proposed an electrochemical polymerization method to fabricate electrochemically switchable double-gate nanofluidic devices. The ion transport of the double-gate nanofluidic device can be in situ and reversibly switched among four different states. The logic function of this nanofluidic device was systematically investigated by assuming the gate state as the input and the transmembrane ionic conductance as the output. A biomimetic electrochemical ion pump was then established by alternately applying two different specific logic combinations, realizing an active ion transport under a concentration gradient. This work may inspire further studies to construct complex logical networks and explore bioinspired ion pump systems (Wu et al. 2021).