8.A.81.1.5
Calgranulin B (S100A9) of 156 aas, a Ca2+-binding protein A9 that regulates the expression of genes encoding amino acid transporters.  This in turn regllates genes encoding caseins, CSN1S1, 2, and 3 (Zhang et al. 2024). S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune responses. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, and can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. It is predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a plethora of intra- and extracellular functions.