| TCID | Name | Domain | Kingdom/Phylum | Protein(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
8.B.16.1.1 | Maurocalcine (maurocalcin; MCa) of the scorpion. The 3-d structure is known (1C6W_A) (Mabrouk et al., 2007). This toxin stabilizes ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) opening in a long-lasting subconductance state (48%-60% of the full conductance state) (Fajloun et al. 2000, Xiao et al. 2016). Furthermore, it triggers calcium release from sarcoplasmic vesicles. Cryo-EM analysis of scorpion toxin binding to Ryanodine Receptors reveals a subconductance that is abolished by PKA phosphorylation (Haji-Ghassemi et al. 2023). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | Maurocalcin of Maurus palmatus (P60254) |
|
8.B.16.1.2 | Egg protein of 92 aas | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | Egg protein of Scizosoma japonicum (blood fluke) |
|
8.B.16.1.3 | Hadrucalcin of 74 aas. A knottin. Activates both skeletal ryanodine receptors (RYR1) and cardiac ryanodine receptors (RYR2) by inducing a long-lasting subconductance state, rapidly permeating the external membrane of cardiomyocytes and inducing calcium release from intracellular stores. Acts synergistically with caffeine (Schwartz et al. 2009). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | Hadrucalcin of Hadrurus gertschi |
|
8.B.16.1.4 | Ω-hexatosin-Hv1e (Ω-Alracotoxin-Hv1e), a knottin of 37 aas. The 3-d structure of a synthetic construct of similar sequence is availalbe (1HVW_A). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | hexatoxin of Hadronyche versuta or Atrax versutus (funnel web spider) |
|
8.B.16.1.5 | Kappa conotoxin sr11aof 32 aas. It inhibits several potassium channels such as Kv1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.6 (Robinson and Norton 2014). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | Conotoxin sr11a of Conus spurius (Alphabet cone) |
|
8.B.16.2.1 | Gamma-conotoxin PnVIIA of 80 aas and 1 TMS. It may act on voltage-gated non-specific cation pacemaker channels (HCN). It triggers depolarization and firing of action potential bursts in the caudodorsal neurons of lymnaea. This effect is due to activation or enhancement of a slow inward cation current that may underlie endogenous bursting activity of these neurons (Fainzilber et al. 1998). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | γ-conotoxin of Conus pennaceus (Feathered cone) (Conus episcopus) |
|
8.B.16.2.2 | Gamma-conotoxin-like TeA53 of 81 aas. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | γ-conotoxin of Conus textile (Cloth-of-gold cone) |
|
8.B.16.2.3 | Contryphan_M_precursor_1 of 63 aa | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | Contryphan of Conus marmoreus |
|
8.B.16.3.1 | Alpha-conotoxin-like Rt20.2 of 92 aas with 1 N-terminal TMS. Alpha-conotoxins act on postsynaptic membranes,;they bind to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and thus inhibit them. This toxin specifically blocks mammalian neuronal nAChR of the alpha-7/CHRNA7, alpha-3-beta-2/CHRNA3-CHRNB2 and alpha-4-beta-2/CHRNA4-CHRNB2 subtypes.α-conotoxin | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | α-Conotoxin of Conus rattus (Rat cone) |
|
8.B.16.3.2 | Conotoxin family Q, partial of 64 aas and 1 N-terminal TMS. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | Conotoxing family Q of Conus ermineus (Atlantic fish-hunting cone) |
|
8.B.16.3.3 | N-type conotoxin Mr15.2 of 92 aas and 1 TMSs (Dutertre et al. 2013). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | CoTx15.2 of Conus marmoreus |
|
8.B.16.4.1 | Iota-conotoxin precursor of 82 aas and 1 N-terminal TMS. Iota contoxin RXIA is 46 aas and activates Nav1.6 and Nav1.2 voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC). It contains an inhibitory cystein knot and a D-amino acid. It contains the cysteine motif: C-C-CC-CC-C-C as do other members of the family (Robinson and Norton 2014). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | Iota conotoxin of Conus radiatus (Rayed cone) |
|
8.B.16.4.2 | Conotoxin ca11a of 80 aas and 1 N-terminal TMS. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | Conotoxin ca11a of Conus caracteristicus (Characteristic cone) |
|
8.B.16.4.3 | Teretoxin Tsu15.4 of 77 aas (Gorson et al. 2015). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa | Teretoxin of Terebra subulata |