| TCID | Name | Domain | Kingdom/Phylum | Protein(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
9.B.87.1.1 | Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 precursor (Megalin - 4660aas; glycoprotein 330) [required for SelP uptake in kidney]. May take up cadmium-metallothionein complexes via receptor-mediated endocytosis (Thévenod, 2010). Aminoglycosides (AGs) can cause deafness through the irreversible loss of cochlear sensory hair cells (HCs). Systemically administered Texas Red-labeled gentamicin (GTTR) enters the cochlea via the stria vascularis and then HCs selectively. GTTR uptake into HCs was completely abolished in transmembrane channel-like protein 1 (TMC1) knockout mice, indicating mechanotransducer channel-dependent AG uptake. Blockage of megalin, the candidate AG transporter in the stria vascularis, by binding competitor cilastatin prevented GTTR accumulation in HCs. Furthermore, cilastatin treatment markedly reduced AG-induced HC degeneration and hearing loss in vivo (Kim and Ricci 2022). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Megalin of Mus musculus (A2ARV4) |
|
9.B.87.1.2 | The EGF-like domain-containing protein of 1918 aas. | Eukaryota |
Evosea | EGF-like domain protein of Dictyostelium discoideum |
|
9.B.87.1.3 | Uncharacterized protein of 270 aas. | Eukaryota |
Viridiplantae, Chlorophyta | UP of Chlorella variabilis (Green alga) |
|
9.B.87.1.4 | Secreted epidermal growth factor-like protein of 140 aas and 2 TMSs (N- and C-termini. | Viruses |
Bamfordvirae, Nucleocytoviricota | EGF-like protein of Variola (smallpox) virus |
|
9.B.87.1.5 | Uncharacterized protein of 3499 aas and 2 TMSs. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | UP of Tetraodon nigroviridis |
|
9.B.87.1.6 | Uncharacterized protein of 628 aas and 2 TMSs | Eukaryota |
Viridiplantae, Streptophyta | UP of Picea sitchensis |
|
9.B.87.1.7 | Vacuolar sorting receptor protein homologue (VSRs) of 631 aas and 2 TMSs. The seven rice vacuolar sorting receptors localize to prevacuolar compartments (Yang and Jiang 2023). VSRs mediate protein trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the vacuole via the intermediate membrane-bound prevacuolar compartment (PVC)/multivesicular body (MVB) (Yang and Jiang 2023). | Eukaryota |
Viridiplantae, Streptophyta | Vacuolar sorting receptor of Oryza sativa |
|
9.B.87.1.8 | Integrin β-1 (ITGB1, FNRB, MDF2, MSK12) of 798 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-termini, is a collagen receptor. Inhibition of endothelial cell migration by thrombospondin-1 type-1 repeats is mediated by beta1 integrins (Short et al. 2005). Integrin beta1 interacts with integrins α1 - 11 to form receptors for fibronectin, laminin, several bacteria and viruses and many other extracellular proteins, and it facilitates sperm-egg fusion (Paul et al. 2015). It forms a tight complex with CD98hc (TC# 8.A.9.2.2) and TrpV4 (TC# 1.A.4.2.5) in focal adhesions where mechanochemical conversion takes place. CD98hc knock down inhibits TRPV4-mediated calcium influx induced by mechanical forces, but not by chemical activators, thus confirming the mechanospecificity of this signaling response. Molecular analysis revealed that forces applied to beta1 integrin must be transmitted from its cytoplasmic C-terminus via the CD98hc cytoplasmic tail to the ankyrin repeat domain of TRPV4 in order to produce ultra-rapid, force-induced, channel activation within the focal adhesion (Potla et al. 2020). A 3-d cryoEM strcuture is available (Cai et al. 2022). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | ITGB1 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.9 | Low density lipoprotein receptor, Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2; 996aas) [required for SelP uptake in brain and testis, but not kidney]. It is homologous to the T-cell receptor, teneurin or TCR or TEN4, of 2769 aas and one TCS at residue ~350. A cryoEM structure of teneurin is available (Cai et al. 2022). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | ApoER2 of Mus musculus (Q924X6) |
|
9.B.87.1.10 | Lipophorin receptor of 881 aas, LpR2 (Tufail and Takeda 2009). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Arthropoda | LpR2 of Bombyx mori |
|
9.B.87.1.11 | Crumbs, Crb of 2146 aas and 2 TMSs at the N- and C-termini. Plays a central role in cell polarity establishment. Participates in the assembly, positioning and maintenance of adherens junctions via its interaction with the SAC complex. Controls the coalescence of the spots of zonula adherens (ZA) into a adhesive ring around the cells (Tepass et al. 1990). Crb is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein localised to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Loss or mislocalisation of Crb is associated with disruption of apicobasal cell polarity. crb mRNA is apically enriched in epithelial cells, and, it accumulates in the oocyte of developing egg chambers (Bhagavatula and Knust 2021).
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Arthropoda | Crumbs of Drosophila melanogaster |
|
9.B.87.1.12 | Neurogenic locus Notch homolog protein 1, NOTCH of 2,555 aas and 2 TMSs, one N-terminal and one nearer the C-terminus. Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Jagged1, Jagged2 and Delta1 to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD), it forms a transcriptional activator complex with RBPJ/RBPSUH and activates genes of the enhancer of split locus. It affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation and apoptotic programs (Brütsch et al. 2010). NOTCH is a schizophrenia gene (Sundararajan et al. 2018). The NOTCH1 signalling pathway regulates vascular barrier function, driving assembly of adherens junction and vascular barrier functions (Polacheck et al. 2017). Xylosyl extensions of O-glucose glycans on the extracellular domain of NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 regulates Notch cell surface trafficking (Urata et al. 2020).
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Notch of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.13 | The BP80 vacuolar sorting receptor of 623 aas and two (N- and C-terminal) TMSs (daSilva et al. 2006). BP80 is a vacuolar sorting receptor for soluble proteins and has a cytosolic domain essential for its intracellular trafficking between the trans-Golgi network and the prevacuole (Saint-Jean et al. 2010). | Eukaryota |
Viridiplantae, Streptophyta | BP80 of Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) |
|
9.B.87.1.14 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2, LRP2, of 4630 aas and 1 TMS. Also called the multiligand endocytic receptor. Acts together with CUBN to mediate endocytosis of high-density lipoproteins and is responsible for receptor-mediated uptake of polybasic drugs such as aprotinin, aminoglycosides and polymyxin B. In the kidney, it mediates the tubular uptake and clearance of leptin, and transports leptin across the blood-brain barrier through endocytosis at the choroid plexus epithelium. Endocytosis of leptin in neuronal cells is required for hypothalamic leptin signaling and leptin-mediated regulation of feeding and body weight. It also mediates endocytosis and subsequent lysosomal degradation of CST3 in kidney proximal tubule cells, and catalyzes renal uptake of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in complex with the vitamin D3 transporter GC/DBP. It is also involved in the renal uptake of metallothionein-bound heavy metals (Klassen et al. 2004). Together with CUBN, it mediates renal reabsorption of myoglobin as well as renal uptake and subsequent lysosomal degradation of APOM while playing a role in kidney selenium homeostasis by facilitating renal endocytosis of selenoprotein SEPP1. It similarly mediates renal uptake of the antiapoptotic protein BIRC5/survivin which may be important for functional integrity of the kidney (Jobst-Schwan et al. 2013). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | LRP2 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.15 | CFEM domain containing protein of 464 aas and possibly 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. | Eukaryota |
Fungi, Ascomycota | CFEM containing protein of Beauveria bassiana (White muscardine disease fungus) (Tritirachium shiotae) |
|
9.B.87.1.16 | Pro-low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, pro-LRP1, of 4544 aas and 2 TMSs, one at the N-terminus, and one near the C-terminus. It is an endocytic receptor involved in endocytosis, in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, in early embryonic development, and in cellular lipid homeostasis. It may modulate cellular events, such as APP metabolism, kinase-dependent intracellular signaling, neuronal calcium signaling as well as neurotransmission (May et al. 2002, Kinoshita et al. 2003, May and Herz 2003). It acts as an alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor (Klar et al. 2015).and serves as a receptor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (Kounnas et al. 1992). It modulates APP transport and processing (Eggert et al. 2018). In astrocytes it modifies neuronal network activity of tripartite synapse (Romeo et al. 2020). Lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) plays a role in cerebral amyloid β-protein (Aβ) efflux across the blood-brain barrier as well as cognitive dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (P et al. 2022). LRP1 in the glial lineage modulates neuronal excitability (Faissner 2023).
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | pro-LRP1 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.17 | Sortilin-related protein, SorL1 or SorLA, of 2214 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. It is a multifunctional endocytic receptor, that may be implicated in the uptake of lipoproteins and of proteases. It also binds LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, and transports it into cells by endocytosis (Andersen et al. 2005). This protein contains a large domain that is homologous to several proteins in TC family 9.A.63. Al-Akhrass et al. 2021 investigated a bidirectional relationship between HER2-HER3 signaling and SorLA. They showed that heregulin-mediated signaling supports SorLA transcription downstream of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and that SorLA interacts directly with HER3, forming a trimeric complex with HER2 and HER3 to attenuate lysosomal degradation of the dimer in a Ras-related protein Rab4-dependent manner. In line with a role for SorLA in supporting the stability of the HER2 and HER3 receptors, loss of SorLA compromised heregulin-induced cell proliferation (Al-Akhrass et al. 2021). NMR resonance assignments of the transmembrane domain of LR11/SorLA in E. coli membranes has been reported (Ding et al. 2020). Sorl1 is the Alzheimer's disease pathogenic receptor protein, a regulator of endosomal traffic and recycling in human neurons (Mishra et al. 2022). Dimerization of SORLA regulates its association with retromer (Jensen et al. 2023).
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | SorLA of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.18 | SPO-spondin of 5150 aas. It is involved in the modulation of neuronal aggregation and may be involved in developmental events during the formation of the central nervous system. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | SPO-spondin of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.19 | Teneurin-1(TENM1, Tnm1, Odz1) of 2725 aas and 1 TMS near but not at the N-terminus. Possibly additional TMSs are present C-terminal to this one, but this is speculative. It is involved in neural development, regulating the establishment of proper connectivity within the nervous system, and may function as a cellular signal transducer (Silva et al. 2011). The teneurin C-terminal associated peptide, TCAP, possesses independent intracellular calcium regulating action (Hogg et al. 2022). It may be an antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | TENM1 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.20 | Tenurin-2 (TENM2, Tnm2, Odz2, latrophilin, LPH1) of 2774 aas and 1 TMS near but not at the N-terminus. Possibly additional TMSs are present C-terminal to this one, but this is speculative. It is involved in neural development, regulating the establishment of proper connectivity within the nervous system, and may function as a cellular signal transducer (Silva et al. 2011). The carboxy-terminal peptide regions of the teneurins plays a role in neuronal function and behavior in mammals (Hogg et al. 2019). LPH1 is presynaptic, whereas Lasso, its high affinity ligand, is postsynaptic. A C-terminal fragment of Lasso interacts with LPH1 and induces Ca2+ signals in presynaptic boutons of hippocampal neurons and in neuroblastoma cells expressing LPH1. Thus, LPH1 and Lasso form transsynaptic complexes capable of inducing presynaptic Ca2+ signals, which affect synaptic functions (Silva et al. 2011).
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Tenurin-2 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.21 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related-protein 13, Lrp13, of 1355 aas (Gao et al. 2020). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Lrp13 of Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (Brachydanio rerio) |
|
9.B.87.1.22 | Scavenger receptor/homing receptor stabilin-1 (FEEL-1/CLEVER-1) of 2570 aas and at least 3 TMSs, one N-terminal, and two C-terminal (Adachi and Tsujimoto 2002). It acts as a scavenger receptor for acetylated low density lipoprotein and binds to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, possibly playing a role in defense against bacterial infection (Prevo et al. 2004). When inhibited in endothelial tube formation assays, there is a marked decrease in cell-cell interactions, suggesting a role in angiogenesis. It is also involved in the delivery of newly synthesized CHID1/SI-CLP from the biosynthetic compartment to the endosomal/lysosomal system (Kzhyshkowska et al. 2006).
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Stabilin-1 of Homo sapiens (Human) |
|
9.B.87.1.23 | Flagellar pocket receptor, cysteine-rich, acidic integral membrane protein, CRAM, of 945 aas with 1 C-terminal TMS and many repeat sequences. It may function as cell surface receptor involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. Clathrin-dependent targeting is responsible for its localization to the flagellar pocket of the procyclic-form of Trypanosoma brucei (Hung et al. 2004).
| Eukaryota |
Euglenozoa | CRAM of Trypanosoma brucei. |
|
9.B.87.1.24 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4, LRP4, of 1905 aas and 2 TMSs, one N-terminal and one C-terminal. It plays a key role in the formation and the maintenance of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the synapse between motor neuron and skeletal muscle. It directly binds AGRIN and recruits it to the MUSK signaling complex to mediates the AGRIN-induced phosphorylation of MUSK, the kinase of the complex. The activation of MUSK in myotubes induces the formation of NMJ by regulating different processes including the transcription of specific genes and the clustering of AChR in the postsynaptic membrane. More generally, has been proposed to function as a cell surface endocytic receptor, binding and internalizing extracellular ligands for degradation by lysosomes (Leupin et al. 2011; Nishimune and Shigemoto 2018). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | LRP4 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.25 | Integrin beta-like protein 1, ITGBL1, OSCP, TIED of 404 aas and 1 or 2 N-terminal TMSs. It forms a complex with K+ channel Kv11.1 (TC#1.A.1.20.1) and NHE1 (TC# 2.A.36.1.13) (Iorio et al. 2020) | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | β-Integrin-like protein 1, ITGBL1 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.26 | Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor 1, LYVE1, of 322 aas and 1 TMS. It is a ligand-specific transporter trafficking between intracellular organelles (TGN) and the plasma membrane. It plays a role in autocrine regulation of cell growth, mediated by growth regulators containing cell surface retention sequence binding (CRS) and may act as a hyaluronan (HA) transporter, mediating either its uptake for catabolism within lymphatic endothelial cells or its transport into the lumen of afferent lymphatic vessels for subsequent re-uptake and degradation in lymph nodes (Banerji et al. 1999). Ectodomain shedding of lymphatic vessel LYVE-1 is induced by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) (Nishida-Fukuda et al. 2016).
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | LYVE1 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.27 | Kelch repeat protein; EGF-like protein of 565 aas with 3 N-terminal TMSs. The encoding gene is adjacent to that encoding the membrane component of an ABC transporter, 3.A.1.207.2. | Eukaryota |
Ciliophora | Kelch-repeat protein of Tetrahymena thermophila |
|
9.B.87.1.28 | Sea urchin fibropellin, EGF1 or UegF, of 1064 aas and one N-terminal TMS. It forms the apical lamina, a component of the extracellular matrix. Cell-cell interactions are primarily mediated by secreted and transmembrane proteins such as EGF1, which play essential roles in the neuronal circuit formation (Michishita et al. 2004).
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Echinodermata | EGF1 of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Purple sea urchin) |
|
9.B.87.1.29 | Crumbs homolog 1, Crb1, of 1406 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. It plays a role in photoreceptor morphogenesis in the retina and may maintain cell polarization and adhesion. Mutations in the crb1 gene are responsible for several retinopathies that are diverse in severity and phenotype (Ray et al. 2019). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Crb1 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.30 | Crumbs homolog 2 of 1285 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. It inhibits gamma-secretase-dependent cleavage of APP and secretion of amyloid-beta peptide 40 and amyloid-beta peptide 42, and thereby inhibits gamma-secretase-dependent Notch transcription (Mitsuishi et al. 2010). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Crb2 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.31 | CD44 of 742 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. It is a cell-surface receptor that plays a role in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration, helping the cells to sense and respond to changes in the tissue microenvironment (Crosby et al. 2009, Yoshida et al. 2012). It participates thereby in a wide variety of cellular functions including the activation, recirculation and homing of T-lymphocytes, hematopoiesis, inflammation and response to bacterial infection (Funaro et al. 1994). CD44 enhances Na+/H+ exchanger isoform-1 (NHE1) activity, causing ECM remodeling and tumor invasion (Suleiman et al. 2018). Transmembrane proteins, CD51/61 and CD44 facilitate cell adhesion, and are commonly found on the surfaces of cancer cells (Mori et al. 2023). It may play a role in osteoporosis (Wu et al. 2023). CD44 regulates Epac1-mediated beta-adrenergic-receptor-induced Ca2+-handling abnormalities implicated in cardiac arrhythmias (Chan et al. 2023). CD44 is a single-chain transmembrane receptor that exists in multiple forms due to alternative mRNA splicing and post-translational modifications. CD44 is the main cell surface receptor for hyaluronan as well as other extracellular matrix molecules, cytokines, and growth factors that play important roles in physiological processes (such as hematopoiesis and lymphocyte homing) and the progression of various diseases, the predominant one being cancer (Skandalis 2023). The CD44 intracellular domain interacts with various cytoplasmic effectors regulating cell-trafficking machinery, signal transduction pathways, the transcriptome, and vital cell metabolic pathways (Skandalis 2023).
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | CD44 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.32 | The Slit homolog 2 protein of 1529 aas and one N-terminal TMS. It acts as a molecular guidance cue in cellular migration, which appears to be mediated by interaction with roundabout homolog receptors. During neural development, it is involved in axonal navigation at the ventral midline of the neural tube and projection of axons to different regions. SLIT1 and SLIT2 seem to be essential for midline guidance in the forebrain by acting as a repulsive signal, preventing inappropriate midline crossing by axons projecting from the olfactory bulb (Brose et al. 1999; Niclou et al. 2000). Slit2 prevents macrophage lipid loading by inhibiting CD36-dependent binding and internalization of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Yusuf et al. 2021). The C-terminal half of the protein resembles members of the family with TC3 9.B.87, while the N-terminal half resembles members of Family with TC# 8.A.43. This protein consists of two domains of about equal sizes, an N-terminal domain homologous to members of TC family 9.B.87 and a C-terminal domain homologous to members of TC family 8.A.43 as revealed using TC BLAST. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Slit2 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.33 | Integrin beta subunit 1 precursor of 833 aas and 1 TMS. It is a broadly expressed molecule that modulates the innate immune response of Bombyx mori.(Li et al. 2021). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Arthropoda | Integrin β1 of Bombyx mori |
|
9.B.87.1.34 | Cubilin (CUBN, IFCR) of 3623 aas and one N-terminal TMS plus several C-terminal potential TMSs (residues 2950 - 3 623). It is an endocytic receptor which plays a role in lipoprotein, vitamin and iron metabolism by facilitating their uptake (Kozyraki et al. 1998, Fyfe et al. 2004). It acts together with LRP2 to mediate endocytosis of high-density lipoproteins, GC, hemoglobin, ALB, TF and SCGB1A1, and it acts together with AMN to mediate endocytosis of the CBLIF-cobalamin complex. Reabsorption of albumin, maturation of vitamin D in the kidney and nutrient delivery during embryonic development are probable functions. Cubilin is an atypical receptor, peripherally associated to the plasma membrane. The transmembrane proteins amnionless (AMN) and Lrp2/Megalin are molecular partners contributing to plasma membrane transport and internalization of cubilin (Kozyraki et al. 2022). ABCB6, ABCG2, FECH and CPOX are expressed in meningioma tissue (Spille et al. 2023). Cubilin binds to ALB, MB, Kappa and lambda-light chains, hemoglobin, SCGB1A1, APOA1, high density lipoprotein, and the CBLIF-cobalamin complex. Ligand binding requires calcium. Cubilin serves as a transporter in several absorptive epithelia, including intestine, renal proximal tubules and embryonic yolk sac cells. A short gluten peptide leverages the TG2/LRP-1 pathway; this pathway can be used to endocytose and degrade representative secreted, cell surface, and transmembrane proteins, notably streptavidin, the vitamin B12 receptor, cubilin, and integrin alpha(v)beta(5). Optimization of these prototypical molecules could generate pharmacologically relevant LYTAC agents (Loppinet et al. 2023).
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | CUBN of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.35 | α-Tectorin of 2155 aas and one N-terminal TMS as well as several mildly hydrophobic potential TMSs. The tectorial membrane is an extracellular matrix of the inner ear that covers the neuroepithelium of the cochlea and contacts the stereocilia bundles of specialized sensory hair cells. Sound induces movement of these hair cells relative to the tectorial membrane, deflects the stereocilia and leads to fluctuations in hair-cell membrane potential, transducing sound into electrical signals (Huang and Qian 2022). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Alpha-tectorin of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.36 | Cysteine-rich motor neuron 1 protein, CRIM1 of 1036 aas and two TMSs, N- and C-terminal. It may play a role in CNS development by interacting with growth factors implicated in motor neuron differentiation and survival. It may also play a role in capillary formation and maintenance during angiogenesis. It modulates BMP activity by affecting its processing and delivery to the cell surface (Glienke et al. 2002). Crim1 additionally inhibits angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy and preserves Kv4.2 expression in cardiomyocytes (He et al. 2022). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | CRIM1 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.37 | Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1, LTBP or TGFbeta1, of 1721 aas and 1 N-terminal TMS. It is a key regulator of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3) that controls TGF-beta activation by maintaining it in a latent state during storage in the extracellular space (Miyazono et al. 1991). Tea polyphenols (TPs) are the main active substances in tea that have many beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidant, anti-cancer and metabolic regulation. They protect the mammary gland by enhancing its antioxidant capacity and down-regulating the TGF-beta1/p38/JNK pathway (Xu et al. 2022). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | LTBP of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.38 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B isoform X1 of 4654 aas and 2 TMSs, N-terminal and near the C-terminus of the protein. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Receptor and protease of Danio rerio (Zebrafish) |
|
9.B.87.1.39 | Integrin β-like protein A of 1927 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal, Sib1 of the TM9 (Phg1) family. Serves as an intramembrane cargo receptor controlling exocytosis and surface localization of a subset of membrane proteins (Perrin et al. 2015). | Eukaryota |
Evosea | Sib1 of Dictyostelium discoideum (Slime mold) |
|
9.B.87.1.40 | Slit1 of 1534 aas and It is thought to act as a molecular guidance cue in cellular migration, and its function appears to be mediated by interaction with roundabout homolog receptors. During neural development, it is involved in axonal navigation at the ventral midline of the neural tube and projection of axons to different regions. SLIT1 and SLIT2 (TC# 9.B.87.1.32) together may be essential for midline guidance in the forebrain by acting as repulsive signal preventing inappropriate midline crossing by axons projecting from the olfactory bulb (Basha et al. 2023). This protein, like Slit2 (TC# 9.B.87.1.32) has two halves, the N-terminal half resembles members of TC family 9.B.87 while the C-terminal half resembles members of TC family 8.A.43. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | SLIT1 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.41 | Slit3 of 1523 aas and one N-terminal TMS. Like SLIT1 and SLIT2, SLIT3 consists of two domains, the N-terminal domain resembles members of TC family 9.B.87 while the C-terminal domain resembles members of TC family 8.A.43. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | SLIT3 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.42 | Low density lipoprotein receotor, LDLR, of 860 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. It binds LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, and transports it into cells by endocytosis. In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complexes must first cluster into clathrin-coated pits (Davis et al. 1986). The LDL receptor and its family members serve as the cellular receptors for vesicular stomatitis virus (Finkelshtein et al. 2013). LDLR deficiency promotes osteoclastogenesis by upregulating c-fos and NFATc1 expression, reducing cancellous bone mass in LDLR(-/-) mice (Qi et al. 2022).
anLDL receptor deficiency reduced bone mass in mice via the c-fos/NFATc1 pathway. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | LDLR of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.43 | Wh)eat germ lecting of 171 aas and 0 TMSs. It is a putative phytosiderophore (PS) efflux transporter (Meena et al. 2024). | Eukaryota |
Viridiplantae, Streptophyta | PS efflux porter of Triticum aestivum (wheat) |
|
9.B.87.1.44 | Nidogen-2 of 1368 aas and 1 N-terminal TMS plus two possible TMSs at residues 550 and 1140. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Nidogen-2 of Conger conger (European conger) |
|
9.B.87.1.45 | ApoER2 of 963 aas and one N-terminal TMSs. It may act with selenoprotein, SeP to transport SeP across membranes (Mizuno et al. 2023). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | ApoER2 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.1.46 | Endosialin, also known as tumor endothelial marker1 or CD248, is a transmembrane glycoprotein of 757 aas and 2 TMSs, one at the N-terminus and one at the C-termini. CD248 is mainly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Endosialin inhibits CD8+ T cell infiltration by inhibiting the expression and secretion of CXCL9/10 in CAFs, thus promoting HCC progression (Gan et al. 2024). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Endosialin of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.2.1 | Astrotactin-1, Astn1, of 1174 aas and 3 potential TMSs, one N-terminal, and two near residues 160 and 380, with a MACPF domain. It is a neuronal adhesion molecule that is required for glial-guided migration of young postmitotic neuroblasts in cortical regions of the developing brain, including the cerebrum, hippocampus, cerebellum and olfactory bulb. It functions in proliferation and migration of Schwann cells (Yi et al. 2016). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Astrotactin-1 of Homo sapiens |
|
9.B.87.3.1 | The microneme organelles of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites release protein complexes (MICs), including one composed of the transmembrane protein MIC6 plus MIC1 and MIC4, all with 1 or 2 TMSs (Sawmynaden et al. 2008). In this complex, carbohydrate recognition domains of MIC1 and MIC4 are exposed and interact with terminal sialic acid and galactose residues, respectively, of host cell glycans (Costa Mendonça-Natividade et al. 2019). MIC1 (456 aas and 1 TMS)/MIC4 (580 aas and 1 TMS)/MIC6 (349 aas and 1 TMS) form a complex together. MIC1 and MIC4 are adhesins that are required for attachment of the parasite to the host cell prior to invasion (Brecht et al. 2001). MIC1 also ensures correct folding of MIC6 and transport of the MIC6-MIC1-MIC4 complex into the micronemes. MIC1 has a galectin-like domain (Saouros et al. 2005). MIC6 is an escort protein for the two adhesins, MIC1 and MIC4 (Reiss et al. 2001).galectin-like domain galectin-like domain galectin-like doma | Eukaryota |
Apicomplexa | MIC1/4/6 of Toxoplasma gondii |
|
9.B.87.4.1 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor, Ngfr, or Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16, Tnfrsf16, or death receptor, p75(NTR), of 427 aas and 3 TMSs, one N-terminal, and two centrally located between residues 220 and 280. It is a low affinity receptor which can bind to NGF, BDNF, NTF3, and NTF4, and it forms a heterodimeric receptor with SORCS2 that binds the precursor forms of NGF, BDNF and NTF3 with high affinity. It has much lower affinity for mature NGF and BDNF (Glerup et al. 2014). It plays a role in the regulation of the translocation of GLUT4 to the cell surface in adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells in response to insulin, probably by regulating RAB31 activity, and it thereby contributes to the regulation of insulin-dependent glucose uptake (Lin et al. 2015). Inactive variants of p75(NTR) reduce Alzheimer's neuropathology by interfering with amyloid precursor protein (APP) internalization (Yi et al. 2021).
| Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | Ngfr of Homo sapiens |
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9.B.87.4.2 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9, TNFRSF9 or CD137, of 255 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. It is involved in cell signalling and apoptosis. Its gene expressioin is influenced by emodin (Cheng et al. 2021) and activated by flavan-3-ols (Ishii et al. 2021). | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | CD137 of Homo sapiens |
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9.B.87.5.1 | All-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation factor, ATRAID or APR3 with 229 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. It promotes osteoblast cell differentiation and terminal mineralization and plays a role in inducing cell cycle arrest via inhibiting CCND1 expression in the all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) signal pathway. In osteoclasts, it forms a transporter complex with ATRAID for nitrogen-containing-bisphophonates (N-BPs) and is required for releasing N-BP molecules that have trafficked to lysosomes through fluid-phase endocytosis into the cytosol (Yu et al. 2018). APR3 (Apoptosis-related protein 3) plays roles in cancer, affecting apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, and cancer therapy (Zhang et al. 2023). APR3 is located in lysosomal membranes where it contributes to lysosomal activity. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | ATRAID (APR3) of Homo sapiens |
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9.B.87.5.2 | Uncharacterized protein of 253 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Acanthocephala | UP of Pomphorhynchus laevis |
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9.B.87.5.3 | Uncharacterized protein of 767 aas and possibly 6 TMSs in a 1 (residues 370 - 390) + 4 (residues 460 - 570 in a 2 + 2 TMS arrangement) + 1 (C-terminal) TMS arrangement. The N-terminal region of this proteins shows sequence similarity with members of TC family 8.A.24 while the C-termnal region shows sequence similarity to TC sub-family 9.B.87.5. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Nematoda | UP of Homo sapiens |
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9.B.87.5.4 | All-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation factor, isoform X3 (ATRAID-X3) of 285 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Chordata | ATRAID-X3 of Sceloporus undulatus (fence lizard) |
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9.B.87.5.5 | Apoptosis-related protein of 303 aas and 2 TMSs, one at residues 80 - 110, and one near the C-termius at residues 260 - 280. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Platyhelminthes | ARP of Echinococcus granulosus |
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9.B.87.5.6 | All-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation factor. ATRAID, isoform X1 of 236 aas and 2 TMSs, N- and C-terminal. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Cnidaria | ATRAID-X1 of Hydra vulgaris |
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9.B.87.5.7 | Uncharacterized protein of 464 aas and probably two TMSs, one N-terminal and one at residues 190 - 210. | Eukaryota |
Metazoa, Rotifera | UP of Rotaria sp. Silwood1 |